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一、加載方式
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1. 靜態(tài)加載
1.1 加載步驟
(1) 創(chuàng)建fragment:創(chuàng)建自定義Fragment類繼承自Fragment類,同時(shí)將自定義Fragment類與Fragment視圖綁定(將layout轉(zhuǎn)換成View)
View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState)
inflater用于綁定Fragment的布局文件,同時(shí)將該布局轉(zhuǎn)換成View對象并返回;container為Fragment的UI所在的父容器。返回值為Fragment顯示的UI,若不顯示,則返回null。
inflate(int resource, ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot)
resource為Fragment需要加載的布局文件;root為加載Fragment的父ViewGroup,也就是onCreateView傳遞進(jìn)來的container;attachToRoot為是否返回父ViewGroup。
(2) 使用fragment:在父視圖中引入fragment,靜態(tài)加載必須指定name屬性以及一個(gè)唯一標(biāo)識符,標(biāo)識符可以為id或者tag
android:name android:id android:tag
(3) 監(jiān)聽事件:若在父視圖對應(yīng)的類中設(shè)置監(jiān)聽事件,可以直接訪問fragment中的子組件;若在Fragment的類中設(shè)置,則必須通過inflate()返回的View對象訪問Fragment中的子組件(view.findViewById(id))。
1.2 簡單范例
MyFragment視圖:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
MyFragment類:
public class MyFragment extends Fragment { @Override public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) { //將layout布局轉(zhuǎn)換成View對象 View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.myfragment, container, false); //必須通過view對象對其子組件進(jìn)行訪問 TextView textView = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.fragment_text); textView.setText("這里是fragment"); //返回Fragment顯示UI return view; } }
引用fragment的父視圖:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
父視圖對應(yīng)的類設(shè)置事件監(jiān)聽:
public class StaticFragmentActivity extends Activity { @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_static_fragment); //可直接通過findViewById訪問 findViewById(R.id.fragment_text).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { Toast.makeText(StaticFragmentActivity.this, "點(diǎn)擊了文本", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }); } }
2. 動態(tài)加載
2.1 加載步驟
(1) 獲取事務(wù)管理器:對Fragment進(jìn)行的添加、移除、替換等操作,均為事務(wù)。需通過以下代碼獲取事務(wù)管理器,從而對fragment進(jìn)行動態(tài)操作。
FragmentManager fm = getFragmentManager(); FragmentTransaction ft = fm.beginTransaction();
(2) 創(chuàng)建Fragment對象:創(chuàng)建需要加載的fragment,而后通過add或replace等方法實(shí)現(xiàn)動態(tài)加載。
2.2 簡單范例
布局:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
Java:
public class DynamicFragmentActivity extends Activity { @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_dynamic_fragment); findViewById(R.id.load).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { //獲取事務(wù)管理器 FragmentManager fragmentManager = getFragmentManager(); FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction(); //創(chuàng)建fragment,并將其動態(tài)加載到id位container的布局中 MyFragment myFragment = new MyFragment(); fragmentTransaction.add(R.id.container, myFragment); //提交事務(wù) fragmentTransaction.commit(); } }); } }
二、數(shù)據(jù)通信
3. Activity向Fragment傳遞數(shù)據(jù)
3.1 Activity向動態(tài)加載的Fragment傳遞數(shù)據(jù)
(1)在Activity中獲取Fragment對象;
(2)創(chuàng)建Bundle對象并傳入數(shù)據(jù);
(3)將Bundle對象傳遞給Fragment對象;
(4)在Fragment中獲取Bundle對象并拆包得到數(shù)據(jù)。
范例:Activity中只有一個(gè)id為send的Button,MyFragment中只有一個(gè)TextView,這里就不再放布局代碼了。
Activity:
public class MainActivity extends Activity { @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); findViewById(R.id.send).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { //創(chuàng)建Fragment對象 MyFragment myFragment = new MyFragment(); //創(chuàng)建Bundle對象并傳入數(shù)據(jù) Bundle bundle = new Bundle(); bundle.putString("info", "這里是向Fragment傳遞的數(shù)據(jù)"); myFragment.setArguments(bundle); //加載Fragment FragmentManager fragmentManager = getFragmentManager(); FragmentTransaction beginTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction(); beginTransaction.add(R.id.layout, myFragment, "myfragment"); beginTransaction.commit(); } }); } }
Fragment:
public class MyFragment extends Fragment { @Override public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) { View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.my_fragment, container, false); TextView tv = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.text); //獲取數(shù)據(jù) String text = getArguments().get("info") + ""; tv.setText(text); return view; } }
3.2 Activity向靜態(tài)加載的Fragment傳遞數(shù)據(jù)
(1)在Fragment中創(chuàng)建作為容器的數(shù)據(jù)對象,并創(chuàng)建getter和setter;
(2)在Activity中獲取FragmentManager;
(3)通過事務(wù)管理器的findFragmentById或findFragmentByTag方法,獲得fragment對象;
(4)通過獲得的fragment對象調(diào)用容器的setter方法進(jìn)行傳值。
范例:這里的布局與動態(tài)加載的布局唯一不同的就是將send按鈕放在了Fragment里面,其它相同。
Fragment:
public class MyFragment extends Fragment { private Button btn; private String received;//作為容器的對象 @Override public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) { View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.my_fragment, container, false); TextView tv = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.text); tv.setText("這里是Fragment"); btn = (Button) view.findViewById(R.id.send); btn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { Toast.makeText(getActivity(), "成功接收\"" + getReceived() + "\"", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }); return view; } public String getReceived() { return received; } public void setReceived(String received) { this.received = received; } }
Activity:
public class MainActivity extends Activity { @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); FragmentManager fragmentManager = getFragmentManager(); MyFragment myFragment = (MyFragment) fragmentManager.findFragmentById(R.id.my_fragment); myFragment.setReceived("this is a test."); } }
4. Fragment向Activity傳遞數(shù)據(jù)
(1)在Fragment中寫一個(gè)回調(diào)接口;
(2)在activity中實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)回調(diào)接口,實(shí)現(xiàn)的函數(shù)用于傳值;
(3)重寫Fragment中onAttach,在其中創(chuàng)建一個(gè)接口對象,得到傳遞過來的activity(我的理解是這個(gè)接口其實(shí)相當(dāng)于傳遞過來的activity的一個(gè)父類,這一步是用到了多態(tài)的特性);
(4)用得到的接口對象進(jìn)行傳值。
Fragment:
public class MyFragment extends Fragment { private SendData sendData; @Override public void onAttach(Activity activity) { super.onAttach(activity); //獲取實(shí)現(xiàn)的接口對象 sendData = (SendData) activity; } @Override public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) { View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.my_fragment, container, false); TextView tv = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.text); tv.setText("這里是Fragment"); //通過接口對象傳遞數(shù)據(jù) sendData.sendMsg("this is a test."); return view; } //定義一個(gè)回調(diào)接口 public interface SendData{ void sendMsg(String str); } }
Activity:
public class MainActivity extends Activity implements MyFragment.SendData{ private Button btn; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); btn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.send); btn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { MyFragment myFragment = new MyFragment(); FragmentManager fragmentManager = getFragmentManager(); FragmentTransaction beginTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction(); beginTransaction.add(R.id.layout, myFragment); beginTransaction.commit(); } }); } //實(shí)現(xiàn)SendData接口,接收數(shù)據(jù) @Override public void sendMsg(String str) { Toast.makeText(this, "成功接收\"" + str + "\"", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }
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本文標(biāo)題:Android中Fragment的加載方式與數(shù)據(jù)通信詳解
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