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Docker容器的基礎(chǔ)操作
概述
Docker 是一個(gè)開源的應(yīng)用容器引擎，讓開發(fā)者可以打包他們的應(yīng)用以及依賴包到一個(gè)可移植的容器中,然后發(fā)布到任何流行的Linux機(jī)器或Windows 機(jī)器上,也可以實(shí)現(xiàn)虛擬化,容器是完全使用沙箱機(jī)制,相互之間不會(huì)有任何接口。
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安裝Docker
配置阿里云base源和epel源，安裝Docker環(huán)境依賴
[root@youxi1 ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/ [root@youxi1 yum.repos.d]# mkdir back [root@youxi1 yum.repos.d]# mv *.repo back/ //備份源 [root@youxi1 yum.repos.d]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo [root@youxi1 yum.repos.d]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo [root@youxi1 yum.repos.d]# yum clean all //清空yum緩存 [root@youxi1 yum.repos.d]# yum list //生成緩存 [root@youxi1 yum.repos.d]# cd [root@youxi1 ~]# yum -y install yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 //安裝依賴 [root@youxi1 ~]# yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo //配置阿里云的Docker的yum源 |
安裝Docker，啟動(dòng)并設(shè)置開機(jī)自啟
[root@youxi1 ~]# yum -y install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io [root@youxi1 ~]# systemctl start docker [root@youxi1 ~]# systemctl enable docker Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service. [root@youxi1 ~]# docker version //顯示Docker版本信息 Client: Docker Engine - Community Version: 19.03.2 API version: 1.40 Go version: go1.12.8 Git commit: 6a30dfc Built: Thu Aug 29 05:28:55 2019 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Experimental: false Server: Docker Engine - Community Engine: Version: 19.03.2 API version: 1.40 (minimum version 1.12) Go version: go1.12.8 Git commit: 6a30dfc Built: Thu Aug 29 05:27:34 2019 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Experimental: false containerd: Version: 1.2.6 GitCommit: 894b81a4b802e4eb2a91d1ce216b8817763c29fb runc: Version: 1.0.0-rc8 GitCommit: 425e105d5a03fabd737a126ad93d62a9eeede87f docker-init: Version: 0.18.0 GitCommit: fec3683 [root@youxi1 ~]# docker info //查看Docker信息，包括鏡像和容器數(shù) Client: Debug Mode: false Server: Containers: 0 //容器 Running: 0 //運(yùn)行 Paused: 0 //暫停 Stopped: 0 //關(guān)閉 Images: 0 //鏡像 Server Version: 19.03.2 //版本 Storage Driver: overlay2 //存儲(chǔ)啟動(dòng)程序 Backing Filesystem: xfs //備份文件系統(tǒng)格式 Supports d_type: true Native Overlay Diff: true Logging Driver: json-file Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs Plugins: Volume: local Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog Swarm: inactive Runtimes: runc Default Runtime: runc Init Binary: docker-init containerd version: 894b81a4b802e4eb2a91d1ce216b8817763c29fb runc version: 425e105d5a03fabd737a126ad93d62a9eeede87f init version: fec3683 Security Options: seccomp Profile: default Kernel Version: 3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64 Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core) OSType: linux Architecture: x86_64 CPUs: 4 Total Memory: 1.936GiB Name: youxi1 ID: FR4U:DHB6:QGST:B3SB:NHKD:GDBX:PZL3:2RSX:SUMM:WFZO:KPPU:W423 Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker //Docker的主目錄 Debug Mode: false Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/ Labels: Experimental: false Insecure Registries: 127.0.0.0/8 Live Restore Enabled: false |
一、查看本地容器進(jìn)程
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a #顯示所有容器進(jìn)程
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
9bd32b3b2ad0 hello-world "/hello" 20 hours ago Exited (0) 20 hours ago lucid_murdock
fb2d81c98cd2 hello-world "/hello" 3 weeks ago Exited (0) 3 weeks ago great_bartik
[root@docker ~]# docker ps #顯示當(dāng)前運(yùn)行的容器進(jìn)程
CONTAINER ID IMAGE 二、容器啟動(dòng)命令
[root@docker ~]# docker run --help
Usage: docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]
OPTIONS：選項(xiàng)
-i : 表示啟動(dòng)一個(gè)可交互的容器，并持續(xù)打開標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輸入
-t : 表示使用終端關(guān)聯(lián)到容器的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輸入輸出上
-d : 表示將容器放置后臺(tái)運(yùn)行
--rm : 退出后即刪除容器
--name : 表示定義容器唯一名稱
IMAGE: 表示要運(yùn)行的鏡像
COMMAND : 表示啟動(dòng)容器時(shí)運(yùn)行的命令三、啟動(dòng)一個(gè)交互式的容器
[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
alpine latest cc0abc535e36 13 days ago 5.59MB
zhoumingkang/alpine v3.10.3 cc0abc535e36 13 days ago 5.59MB
alpine 3.9.4 055936d39205 8 months ago 5.53MB
hello-world latest fce289e99eb9 12 months ago 1.84kB
[root@docker ~]# docker run -ti -- name mingkang-test alpine:latest /bin/sh
/ # ip addr
1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
18: eth0@if19: mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP
link/ether 02:42:ac:07:05:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.7.5.2/24 brd 172.7.5.255 scope global eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
/ # cat /etc/issue
Welcome to Alpine Linux 3.11
Kernel \r on an \m (\l)
[root@docker ~]# docker ps #查看當(dāng)前運(yùn)行的容器進(jìn)程
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
08b02f026afe alpine:latest "/bin/sh" 7 seconds ago Up 5 seconds mingkang-test 四、容器退出后即刪除--rm（docker ps -a 查詢不了記錄）
[root@docker ~]# docker run --rm alpine:latest /bin/echo hello
hello五、以后臺(tái)的形式運(yùn)行一個(gè)容器-d
[root@docker ~]# docker run -d --name mingkang-test3 alpine:latest /bin/sleep 3000
744b31fbaadfc9605d5dbe8d302ef9bd3de8208142aa00c1feffd86804347b01
[root@docker ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
744b31fbaadf alpine:latest "/bin/sleep 3000" 18 seconds ago Up 17 seconds mingkang-test3六、進(jìn)入一個(gè)容器exec
[root@docker ~]# docker exec -ti 744b31fbaadf /bin/sh #長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的字符串為容器ID
/ # ps
PID USER TIME COMMAND
1 root 0:00 /bin/sleep 3000
6 root 0:00 /bin/sh
11 root 0:00 ps
/ # 七、停止/重啟/啟動(dòng)一個(gè)容器（stop/restart/start）
[root@docker ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
744b31fbaadf alpine:latest "/bin/sleep 3000" 3 minutes ago Up 3 minutes mingkang-test3
[root@docker ~]# docker stop 744b31fbaadf #容器的ID號(hào)
744b31fbaadf
[root@docker ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES八、刪除docker ps 的內(nèi)容
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
744b31fbaadf alpine:latest "/bin/sleep 3000" 12 minutes ago Exited (137) 8 minutes ago mingkang-test3
08b02f026afe alpine:latest "/bin/sh" 25 minutes ago Exited (0) 23 minutes ago mingkang-test
56760413d596 alpine:latest "/bin/sh" 28 minutes ago Exited (0) 27 minutes ago mingkang_test
eae500caa715 alpine:latest "/bin/sh" 34 minutes ago Exited (0) 29 minutes ago vigilant_boyd
c6fed43d8a09 alpine:latest "/bin/sh" 34 minutes ago Exited (0) 34 minutes ago keen_volhard
058aee8ef1eb alpine:latest "/bin/sh" 36 minutes ago Exited (0) 35 minutes ago quirky_morse
6d81bca654ab alpine:latest "/bin/sh" 37 minutes ago Exited (127) 36 minutes ago practical_torvalds
adc1a16a7bf6 alpine:latest "/bin/sh" 39 minutes ago Exited (0) 38 minutes ago unruffled_carson
20a5432e3266 alpine:latest "/bin/sh" 39 minutes ago Exited (0) 39 minutes ago elated_ellis
08bbe9c13d26 alpine:latest "/bin/sh" 40 minutes ago Exited (0) 40 minutes ago nifty_kalam
9bd32b3b2ad0 hello-world "/hello" 21 hours ago Exited (0) 21 hours ago lucid_murdock
fb2d81c98cd2 hello-world "/hello" 3 weeks ago Exited (0) 3 weeks ago great_bartik
[root@docker ~]# docker rm keen_volhard quirky_morse practical_torvalds unruffled_carson elated_ellis nifty_kalam lucid_murdock great_bartik
keen_volhard
quirky_morse
practical_torvalds
unruffled_carson
elated_ellis
nifty_kalam
lucid_murdock
great_bartik
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
744b31fbaadf alpine:latest "/bin/sleep 3000" 13 minutes ago Exited (137) 9 minutes ago mingkang-test3
08b02f026afe alpine:latest "/bin/sh" 26 minutes ago Exited (0) 24 minutes ago mingkang-test
56760413d596 alpine:latest "/bin/sh" 28 minutes ago Exited (0) 28 minutes ago mingkang_test
備注：如需刪除在運(yùn)行的容器，使用docker rm -f 容器名稱/容器ID
循環(huán)全部刪除：
for i in `docker ps -a | grep -i exited|awk '{print $1}'`;do docker rm -f $i;done九、容器的提交（把已寫入內(nèi)容的容器提交為鏡像）
[root@docker ~]# docker run -d --name myalpine alpine:latest /bin/sleep 30000 #后臺(tái)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間運(yùn)行一個(gè)容器
3ccd27be4d19a60f317d187ee99d7fcd76d368dccb0326f8789d6617fb39f457
[root@docker ~]# docker ps #查看運(yùn)行的容器
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
3ccd27be4d19 alpine:latest "/bin/sleep 30000" 6 seconds ago Up 4 seconds myalpine
[root@docker ~]# docker exec -ti myalpine /bin/sh #以交互的方式進(jìn)入容器
/ # ls
bin dev etc home lib media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
/ # touch hello.txt
/ # echo "hello world" > hello.txt
/ # cat hello.txt
hello world
[root@docker ~]# docker commit -p myalpine myalpine:latest_with_hello.txt
#把名稱為myalpine的容器提交為一個(gè)新的鏡像
sha256:3ce9b8b899ba2018c01ca88fba6c24da6ff1287905a4ff4c60e968f129a22863
[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
myalpine latest_with_hello.txt 3ce9b8b899ba 20 seconds ago 5.59MB
alpine latest cc0abc535e36 13 days ago 5.59MB
zhoumingkang/alpine v3.10.3 cc0abc535e36 13 days ago 5.59MB
alpine 3.9.4 055936d39205 8 months ago 5.53MB
hello-world latest fce289e99eb9 12 months ago 1.84kB
#啟動(dòng)該myalpin:latest_with_hello.txt 鏡像容器后，發(fā)現(xiàn)文件已經(jīng)存在。十、容器的導(dǎo)出與加載
導(dǎo)出myalpine:latest_with_hello.txt
-----
[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
myalpine latest_with_hello.txt 3ce9b8b899ba 20 minutes ago 5.59MB
alpine latest cc0abc535e36 13 days ago 5.59MB
zhoumingkang/alpine v3.10.3 cc0abc535e36 13 days ago 5.59MB
alpine 3.9.4 055936d39205 8 months ago 5.53MB
hello-world latest fce289e99eb9 12 months ago 1.84kB
[root@docker ~]# docker save myalpine:latest_with_hello.txt > myalpine-latest_with_hello.txt.tar
[root@docker ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg myalpine-latest_with_hello.txt.tar
-----
刪除剛剛導(dǎo)出的鏡像
[root@docker ~]# docker rmi myalpine:latest_with_hello.txt
Untagged: myalpine:latest_with_hello.txt
Deleted: sha256:3ce9b8b899ba2018c01ca88fba6c24da6ff1287905a4ff4c60e968f129a22863
Deleted: sha256:1d89a6f64295ef6889fef9ae917281e94d4d9e5c9b3eb98d5cc25c129f34f4b3
[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
alpine latest cc0abc535e36 13 days ago 5.59MB
zhoumingkang/alpine v3.10.3 cc0abc535e36 13 days ago 5.59MB
alpine 3.9.4 055936d39205 8 months ago 5.53MB
hello-world latest fce289e99eb9 12 months ago 1.84kB
-----
重新加載該鏡像
[root@docker ~]# docker load < myalpine-latest_with_hello.txt.tar
e63a9b4f5484: Loading layer [==================================================>] 3.584kB/3.584kB
Loaded image: myalpine:latest_with_hello.txt
[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
myalpine latest_with_hello.txt 3ce9b8b899ba 22 minutes ago 5.59MB
alpine latest cc0abc535e36 13 days ago 5.59MB
zhoumingkang/alpine v3.10.3 cc0abc535e36 13 days ago 5.59MB
alpine 3.9.4 055936d39205 8 months ago 5.53MB
hello-world latest fce289e99eb9 12 months ago 1.84kB十一、容器的日志查看
[root@docker ~]# docker run hello-world:latest #運(yùn)行一個(gè)容器
Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.
To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
(amd64)
3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
to your terminal.
To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
$ docker run -it ubuntu bash
Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
https://hub.docker.com/
For more examples and ideas, visit:
https://docs.docker.com/get-started/
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a | grep -i hello #查看曾經(jīng)運(yùn)行的進(jìn)程
1c5c26a209d4 hello-world:latest "/hello" 12 seconds ago Exited (0) 10 seconds ago angry_ellis
[root@docker ~]# docker logs 1c5c26a209d4 #查看該容器運(yùn)行的日志
Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.
To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
(amd64)
3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
to your terminal.
To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
$ docker run -it ubuntu bash
Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
https://hub.docker.com/
For more examples and ideas, visit:
https://docs.docker.com/get-started/
[root@docker ~]#
文章標(biāo)題：Docker容器的基礎(chǔ)操作
文章地址：http://www.ef60e0e.cn/article/ispspi.html
