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本文實(shí)例為大家分享了python實(shí)現(xiàn)簡(jiǎn)單聊天室的具體代碼，供大家參考，具體內(nèi)容如下

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剛剛接觸python編程，又從接觸java開(kāi)始一直對(duì)socket模塊感興趣，所以就做了一個(gè)聊天室的小程序。

該程序由客戶端與服務(wù)器構(gòu)成，使用UDP服務(wù)，服務(wù)器端綁定本地IP和端口，客戶端由系統(tǒng)隨機(jī)選擇端口。

實(shí)現(xiàn)了群發(fā)、私發(fā)、點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)文件互傳功能。

客戶端自建了一個(gè)類繼承了Cmd模塊，使用自定義的命令command進(jìn)行操作，調(diào)用相應(yīng)的do_command方法。

使用json模塊進(jìn)行消息的封裝序列化，在接收方進(jìn)行解析。

客戶端代碼如下：

import socket
import threading
import json
import os
from cmd import Cmd
 
 
class Client(Cmd):
 """
 客戶端
 """
 prompt = '>>>'
 intro = '[Welcome] 簡(jiǎn)易聊天室客戶端(Cli版)\n' + '[Welcome] 輸入help來(lái)獲取幫助\n'
 buffersize = 1024
 
 def __init__(self, host):
  """
  構(gòu)造
  """
  super().__init__()
  self.__socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
  # self.__id = None
  self.__nickname = None
  self.__host = host
  self.thread_recv = None
  self.threadisalive = False
  # 是否在接收文件
  self.recvfile = False
  # 是否在發(fā)送文件
  self.sendfile = False
  self.filesize = None
  self.sendfilesize = None
 
  # 接收文件包計(jì)數(shù)
  self.filecount = None
  # 接收文件名
  self.filename = None
  # 發(fā)送文件名
  self.sendfilename = None
 
  # 發(fā)送者
  self.filefrom = None
  # 接收者
  self.fileto = None
 
  # 接收文件流
  self.file_recv = None
  # 發(fā)送文件流
  self.file_send = None
 
  # 接收文件地址
  self.filefrom_addr = None
  # 發(fā)送文件地址
  self.fileto_addr = None
 
 def __receive_message_thread(self):
  """
  接受消息線程
  """
  while self.threadisalive:
   # noinspection PyBroadException
   try:
    buffer, addr = self.__socket.recvfrom(1024)
    '''
    文件流由發(fā)送端直接發(fā)送，不經(jīng)過(guò)服務(wù)器，故當(dāng)發(fā)送端發(fā)來(lái)的消息時(shí)，將收到的數(shù)據(jù)存入文件
    '''
    if (addr != self.__host) & (addr == self.filefrom_addr) & self.recvfile:
     self.file_recv.write(buffer)
     self.filecount += 1
     if self.filecount * 1024 >= self.filesize:
      self.file_recv.close()
      print(self.filename, 'is received.')
      self.recvfile = False
     continue
 
    js = json.loads(buffer.decode())
 
    # 若接收的數(shù)據(jù)為消息信息，則顯示
    if js['type'] == 'message':
     print(js['message'])
 
    # 若接收的數(shù)據(jù)為文件發(fā)送請(qǐng)求，則存儲(chǔ)文件信息，并顯示
    elif js['type'] == 'filequest':
     if self.recvfile:
      self.__socket.sendto(json.dumps({
       'type': 'fileres',
       'fileres': 'no',
       'nickname': self.__nickname,
       'who': js['nickname'],
       'errormessage': 'is transfroming files.',
      }).encode(), self.__host)
      continue
     filename = js['filename']
     who = js['nickname']
     filesize = js['filesize']
     self.recvfile = True
     self.filesize = filesize
     self.filename = filename
     self.filecount = 0
     self.filefrom = who
     self.filefrom_addr = (js['send_ip'], js['send_port'])
 
     print('[system]:', who, ' send a file(',
       filename, ') to you. receive? ')
 
    # 接受的數(shù)據(jù)為請(qǐng)求回復(fù)，若同意接收則存儲(chǔ)服務(wù)器發(fā)來(lái)的接收方的地址，并開(kāi)啟發(fā)送線程
    elif js['type'] == 'fileres':
     if js['fileres'] == 'yes':
      print(js['recv_ip'], js['recv_port'])
      self.fileto_addr = (js['recv_ip'], js['recv_port'])
      thread = threading.Thread(
       target=self.__send_file_thread)
      thread.start()
     else:
      print(js['nickname'], js['errormessage'])
      self.sendfile = False
 
   except Exception as e:
    print(e)
    print('[Client] 無(wú)法從服務(wù)器獲取數(shù)據(jù)')
 
 def __send_broadcast_message_thread(self, message):
  """
  發(fā)送廣播消息線程
  :param message: 消息內(nèi)容
  """
  self.__socket.sendto(json.dumps({
   'type': 'broadcast',
   'nickname': self.__nickname,
   'message': message,
  }).encode(), self.__host)
 
 def __send_file_thread(self):
  """
  發(fā)送文件線程
  :param message: 消息內(nèi)容
  """
  filecount = 0
  print('[system]', 'sending the file...')
  while filecount * 1024 <= self.sendfilesize:
   self.__socket.sendto(
    self.file_send.read(1024), self.fileto_addr)
   filecount += 1
  self.file_send.close()
  self.sendfile = False
  print('[system]', 'the file is sended.')
 
 def __send_whisper_message_thread(self, who, message):
  """
  發(fā)送私發(fā)消息線程
  :param message: 消息內(nèi)容
  """
  self.__socket.sendto(json.dumps({
   'type': 'sendto',
   'who': who,
   'nickname': self.__nickname,
   'message': message
  }).encode(), self.__host)
 
 def send_exit(self):
  self.__socket.sendto(json.dumps({
   'type': 'offline',
   'nickname': self.__nickname,
  }).encode(), self.__host)
 
 
 def start(self):
  """
  啟動(dòng)客戶端
  """
  self.cmdloop()
 
 def do_login(self, args):
  """
  登錄聊天室
  :param args: 參數(shù)
  """
  nickname = args.split(' ')[0]
 
  # 將昵稱發(fā)送給服務(wù)器，獲取用戶id
  self.__socket.sendto(json.dumps({
   'type': 'login',
   'nickname': nickname,
  }).encode(), self.__host)
  # 嘗試接受數(shù)據(jù)
 
  buffer = self.__socket.recvfrom(1300)[0].decode()
  obj = json.loads(buffer)
  if obj['login'] == 'success':
   self.__nickname = nickname
   print('[Client] 成功登錄到聊天室')
   self.threadisalive = True
   # 開(kāi)啟子線程用于接受數(shù)據(jù)
   self.thread_recv = threading.Thread(
    target=self.__receive_message_thread)
   self.thread_recv.setDaemon(True)
   self.thread_recv.start()
  else:
   print('[Client] 無(wú)法登錄到聊天室', obj['errormessage'])
 
 def do_send(self, args):
  """
  發(fā)送消息
  :param args: 參數(shù)
  """
  if self.__nickname is None:
   print('請(qǐng)先登錄！login nickname')
   return
  message = args
  # 開(kāi)啟子線程用于發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)
  thread = threading.Thread(
   target=self.__send_broadcast_message_thread, args=(message, ))
  thread.setDaemon(True)
  thread.start()
 
 def do_sendto(self, args):
  """
  發(fā)送私發(fā)消息
  :param args: 參數(shù)
  """
  if self.__nickname is None:
   print('請(qǐng)先登錄！login nickname')
   return
  who = args.split(' ')[0]
  message = args.split(' ')[1]
  # # 顯示自己發(fā)送的消息
  # print('[' + str(self.__nickname) + '(' + str(self.__id) + ')' + ']', message)
  # 開(kāi)啟子線程用于發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)
  thread = threading.Thread(
   target=self.__send_whisper_message_thread, args=(who, message))
  thread.setDaemon(True)
  thread.start()
 
 def do_catusers(self, arg):
  if self.__nickname is None:
   print('請(qǐng)先登錄！login nickname')
   return
  catmessage = json.dumps({'type': 'catusers'})
  self.__socket.sendto(catmessage.encode(), self.__host)
 
 def do_catip(self, args):
  if self.__nickname is None:
   print('請(qǐng)先登錄！login nickname')
   return
  who = args
  catipmessage = json.dumps({'type': 'catip', 'who': who})
  self.__socket.sendto(catipmessage.encode(), self.__host)
 
 def do_help(self, arg):
  """
  幫助
  :param arg: 參數(shù)
  """
  command = arg.split(' ')[0]
  if command == '':
   print('[Help] login nickname - 登錄到聊天室，nickname是你選擇的昵稱')
   print('[Help] send message - 發(fā)送消息，message是你輸入的消息')
   print('[Help] sendto who message - 私發(fā)消息，who是用戶名，message是你輸入的消息')
   print('[Help] catusers - 查看所有用戶')
   print('[Help] catip who - 查看用戶IP，who為用戶名')
   print('[Help] sendfile who filedir - 向某用戶發(fā)送文件，who為用戶名，filedir為文件路徑')
   print('[Help] getfile filename who yes/no - 接收文件，filename 為文件名,who為發(fā)送者，yes/no為是否接收')
  elif command == 'login':
   print('[Help] login nickname - 登錄到聊天室，nickname是你選擇的昵稱')
  elif command == 'send':
   print('[Help] send message - 發(fā)送消息，message是你輸入的消息')
  elif command == 'sendto':
   print('[Help] sendto who message - 發(fā)送私發(fā)消息，message是你輸入的消息')
  else:
   print('[Help] 沒(méi)有查詢到你想要了解的指令')
 
 def do_exit(self, arg): # 以do_*開(kāi)頭為命令
  print("Exit")
  self.send_exit()
  try:
   self.threadisalive = False
   self.thread_recv.join()
  except Exception as e:
   print(e)
  # self.__socket.close()
 
 def do_sendfile(self, args):
  who = args.split(' ')[0]
  filepath = args.split(' ')[1]
  filename = filepath.split('\\')[-1]
  # 判斷是否在發(fā)送文件
  if self.sendfile:
   print('you are sending files, please try later.')
   return
  if not os.path.exists(filepath):
   print('the file is not exist.')
   return
  filesize = os.path.getsize(filepath)
  # print(who, filename, filesize)
 
  self.sendfile = True
  self.fileto = who
  self.sendfilename = filename
  self.sendfilesize = filesize
  self.file_send = open(filepath, 'rb')
 
  self.__socket.sendto(json.dumps({
   'type': 'filequest',
   'nickname': self.__nickname,
   'filename': self.sendfilename,
   'filesize': self.sendfilesize,
   'who': self.fileto,
   'send_ip': '',
   'send_port': '',
  }).encode(), self.__host)
 
  print('request send...')
 
  # fileres = self.__socket.recvfrom(1024)[0].decode()
  # js = json.loads(fileres)
 
 def do_getfile(self, args):
  filename = args.split(' ')[0]
  who = args.split(' ')[1]
  ch = args.split(' ')[2]
  # print(self.filename is not None, filename, self.filename, who, self.filefrom)
  if (self.filename is not None) & (filename == self.filename) & (who == self.filefrom):
   if ch == 'yes':
    self.file_recv = open(self.filename, 'wb')
    self.__socket.sendto(json.dumps({
     'type': 'fileres',
     'fileres': 'yes',
     'nickname': self.__nickname,
     'who': who,
     'recv_ip': '',
     'recv_port': '',
    }).encode(), self.__host)
    print('you agree to reveive the file(', filename, ') from', who)
 
   else:
    self.__socket.sendto(json.dumps({
     'type': 'fileres',
     'fileres': 'no',
     'nickname': self.__nickname,
     'errormessage': 'deny the file.',
     'who': who,
     'recv_ip': '',
     'recv_port': '',
    }).encode(), self.__host)
    print('you deny to reveive the file(', filename, ') from', who)
    self.recvfile = False
  else:
   print('the name or sender of the file is wrong.')
 
 
c = Client(('127.0.0.1', 12346))
c.start()

標(biāo)題名稱：基于python實(shí)現(xiàn)聊天室程序-創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)
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